Command List
These are all the commands that affect properties of a turtle. A turtle has several built-in properties: xcor
, ycor
, color
, heading
, shape
, breed
, who
, pen position (up or down) and whether or not the turtle is visible. Additional properties may be declared by you, with the turtles-own
command.
alive?
Description:
A tautology that always returns true. While this command may not seem useful, its counterpart alive?-of
is.
Related Commands:
alive?-of
alive?-of
who number
Parameters:
who number |
Integer |
The who id of a turtle |
Description:
Returns a boolean. If the turtle with the given who number is alive, it returns true. If the turtle with the given who number is not alive it returns false.
This command is useful when looping over a set of turtle who-numbers. Since each turtle may die between the time you get the who numbers and the time you ask it about itself, you should check alive?-of
before using it. A better way to loop over a set of turtles is to use grab
because grabbed turtles that try to die will not be allowed to completely die until they are let go.
Examples:
alive?-of 2
returns true when the turtle with who number 2 is alive.
Related Commands:
alive?
ask-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of turtle commands to run |
Description:
Asks all turtles of breed frogs
to run [list of commands]
. The observer will wait for all of the turtles to finish before continuing.
Examples:
ask-frogs [fd 1 rt 90]
will make all turtles of breed frogs
move forward one step and then turn 90 degrees to the right.
Related Commands:
ask-breed-with
ask-list-of-turtles
ask-patch-at
ask-patches
ask-turtle
ask-turtles
ask-turtles-with
ask-breed-with
[condition] [list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to either true or false |
[list-of-commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands to run |
Description:
This observer command asks all of the turtles of the breed specified that satisfy [condition] to run the [list-of-commands]. The observer will wait for the turtles to finish before moving on.
Examples:
ask-frogs-with [color = green] [fd 1]
has all of the turtles of color green and breed frogs move forward 1
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-list-of-turtles
[list of turtle who numbers] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of turtle who numbers] |
List |
A list of turtle who numbers to ask |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands to ask these turtles to run |
Description:
Turtles whose who numbers (ID numbers) are in
[list of turtle who numbers] run
[list of commands]. The caller of this command waits for it to finish before continuing. If some invalid whonumbers make up
[list of turtle who numbers], they are ignored.
Asking a list of turtles to do something is a moderately expensive operation since StarLogo creates a thread for each turtle. Try to group commands that you would have put into separate ask-list-of-turtles
into the same one to minimize thread creation overhead.
Examples:
ask-list-of-turtles [4 6 10 14] [fd 1]
makes 4 turtles (those with who numbers 4, 6, 10, and 14) move forward one step.
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-patch-at
ask-patches
ask-turtle
ask-turtles
ask-turtles-with
ask-turtle
who number [list of commands]
Parameters:
who number |
Integer |
The who number of a turtle |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtle to run |
Description:
This command asks the turtle with who number number to run the [list of commands]
. The caller will wait for the turtle to finish before moving on.
Examples:
ask-turtle 5 [fd 1]
makes the turtle with who number 5 move forward 1 step.
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-list-of-turtles
ask-patch-at
ask-patches
ask-turtles
ask-turtles-with
ask-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run |
Description:
Asks all turtles to run the
[list of commands]
. The observer will wait for all of the turtles to finish before continuing.
Asking all of the turtles to do something is a moderately expensive operation since StarLogo creates a thread for each turtle. Try to group commands that you would have put into separate ask-turtles
into the same one to minimize thread creation overhead.
Examples:
ask-turtles [fd 1]
will make all of the turtles move forward 1 step.
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-list-of-turtles
ask-patch-at
ask-patches
ask-turtle
ask-turtles-with
ask-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run |
Description:
This observer command asks turtles satisfying [condition]
to run the [list of commands]
.
Asking many turtles to do something is a moderately expensive operation since StarLogo creates a thread for each turtle. Try to group commands that you would have put into separate ask-turtles-with
into the same one to minimize thread creation overhead.
Examples:
ask-turtles-with [color = red] [fd 1]
tells all red turtles to move forward one step.
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-list-of-turtles
ask-patch-at
ask-patches
ask-turtle
ask-turtles
average-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the frogs to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
.
Examples:
average-of-frogs [speed]
returns the average speed of all the turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
average-of-patches
average-of-turtles
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
average-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition].
Examples:
average-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the average speed of all the red turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
average-of-patches-with
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
average-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles.
Examples:
average-of-turtles [speed]
returns the average speed of all the turtles.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
average-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition].
Examples:
average-of-turtles-with [color = red] [energy]
returns the average energy of all the red turtles.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
breed
Description:
Returns the turtle's breed, or if a patch is calling it, the breed of one of the turtles on the patch.
Examples:
if breed = frogs [fd 5]
makes all turtles of breed frogs
move forward 5 steps.
Related Commands:
breed-at
breed-of
breed-towards
setbreed
who
breed-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
offset in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
offset in the y direction |
Description:
Reports the breed of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
breed-at 5 7
returns the breed of the turtle 5
units to the right and 7
units up from the caller.
Related Commands:
breed
breed-of
breed-towards
setbreed-at
breed-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Integer |
id number of the turtle |
Description:
Reports the breed of the turtle with ID number.
Examples:
if breed-of 4 = frog [fd 1]
makes all the turtles move one step forward if the turtle which who number 4
is of breed frog
.
Related Commands:
breed
breed-at
breed-towards
setbreed-of
breed-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
Description:
Reports the breed of the turtle distance
away at an angle
of angle.
Examples:
breed-towards 0 1
returns the breed of the turtle one patch ahead of the patch or turtle given the instruction.
Related Commands:
breed
breed-at
breed-of
setbreed-towards
breeds
[breed1 breed2 ...]
Parameters:
[breed1 breed2 ...] |
List or string |
A list of breed names (usually plural) |
Description:
At the top of the Observer or Turtle command centers, place this command:
breeds [frogs toads]
to declare your turtles to have two different breeds, frogs
and toads
. Once you have done this, you may use any command in the Breeds
category to run only on the breed of turtles that you have created.
Examples:
breeds [frogs toads]
to setup
create-frogs 100
create-toads 40
ask-frogs [hop]
ask-toads [ribbit]
end
Related Commands:
patches-own
turtles-own
clear-turtles (clearturtles) (ct)
Description:
Clears (kills) all of the turtles.
clearall (ca) (clear-all)
Description:
Kills all turtles, sets all patches to black, and resets all variables to 0.
color
Description:
Returns the color of the turtle, or if a patch is calling it, the color of one of the turtles on the patch.
Examples:
if color = black
[fd 3]
has all turtles check if they are black, and if so, move themselves forward by 3 turtle steps.
Related Commands:
color-at
color-of
color-towards
setcolor
who
color-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
units in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the color of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller .
Examples:
color-at 1 1
reports the color of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the patch or turtle given the command.
Related Commands:
color
color-of
color-towards
setc-at
color-of
number
Parameters:
Description:
Reports the color of the turtle with who number number.
Examples:
color-of 2
returns the color number of the turtle with who-number 2
Related Commands:
color
color-at
color-towards
setc-of
color-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the color of the turtle distance away at an angle of angle from the caller. Note that the angle is measured from the direction the caller is facing.
Examples:
color-towards 0 1
reports the color of the turtle one patch directly ahead of the caller.
Related Commands:
color
color-at
color-of
setc-towards
count-breed
Description:
Returns the number of turtles whose breed is frogs.
Related Commands:
count-breed-at
count-breed-here
count-breed-towards
count-breed-with
count-turtles
count-breed-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
units in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles whose breed is frogs which are xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Related Commands:
count-breed
count-breed-here
count-breed-towards
count-breed-with
count-turtles-at
count-breed-here
Description:
Returns the number of turtles whose breed is frogs which are on the current patch.
Examples:
if count-frogs-here > 2 [setc blue]
makes the turtle set its color to blue if there are more than two turtles of type frog on its current patch.
Related Commands:
count-breed
count-breed-at
count-breed-towards
count-breed-with
count-turtles-here
count-breed-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the direction the caller is facing |
distance |
Number |
distance away from the caller |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles whose breed is frogs which are located at the patch distance away at angle angle.
Examples:
count-frogs-towards 0 1
returns the number of turthles whose breed is frogs one patch ahead of the caller.
Notes:
Note the angle is measured from the direction the caller is facing.
Related Commands:
count-breed
count-breed-at
count-breed-here
count-breed-with
count-turtles-towards
count-breed-with
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
condition to determine whether a frog is counted |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles whose breed is frogs and satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by [list of commands].
Examples:
count-frogs-with [color = blue]
returns the number of blue frogs.
Related Commands:
count-breed
count-breed-at
count-breed-here
count-breed-towards
count-turtles-with
count-color
color
Parameters:
color |
Number |
color of turtles to be counted |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles that are the color color.
Examples:
count-color black
returns the number of black turtles.
Related Commands:
count-color-range
count-pc
count-pc-range
count-color-range
mincolor maxcolor
Parameters:
mincolor |
Number |
low end of range of color of turtles to be counted |
maxcolor |
Number |
high end of range of color of turtles to be counted |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles that have colors between mincolor and maxcolor, inclusive.
Examples:
count-color-range 13.5 16.5
returns the number of turtles who are red (15) or within 1.5 shades of red. This command is useful if you have scaled your turtle's colors to shades of a particular color using scale-color.
Related Commands:
count-color
count-pc
count-pc-range
count-turtles
Description:
Reports the number of turtles.
Related Commands:
count-breed
count-patches
count-turtles-at
count-turtles-here
count-turtles-towards
count-turtles-with
one-of-breed
one-of-turtles
count-turtles-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
units in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the number of turtles xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
count-turtles-at 1 1
reports the number of turtles one patch to the right and one patch above the caller.
Related Commands:
count-breed-at
count-turtles
count-turtles-here
count-turtles-towards
count-turtles-with
count-turtles-here
Description:
Reports the number of turtles sitting on the caller's patch.
Examples:
if count-turtles-here > 2 [setc blue]
makes the turtle set its color to blue if there are more than two turtles on its current patch.
Related Commands:
count-breed-here
count-turtles
count-turtles-at
count-turtles-towards
count-turtles-with
one-of-breed-here
count-turtles-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle measured from the direction the caller is facing |
distance |
Number |
distance from the caller |
Description:
Reports the number of turtles distance away at angle angle from the caller.
Examples:
count-turtles-towards 0 1
reports the number of turtles one patch directly in front of the caller.
Notes:
Note the angle is measured from the direction the caller is facing.
Related Commands:
count-breed-towards
count-turtles
count-turtles-at
count-turtles-here
count-turtles-with
count-turtles-with
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
condition to determine whether to count a turtle |
Description:
Reports the number of turtles whose [list of commands] is true.
Examples:
count-turtles-with [(distance 0 0) < 5]
reports the number of turtles inside a circle of radius 5 centered at the origin.
Notes:
Note [list of commands] must be a boolean statement and return true or false.
Related Commands:
count-breed-with
count-turtles
count-turtles-at
count-turtles-here
count-turtles-towards
myself
one-of-turtles-with
create-breed
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
Description:
Creates number of turtles and assigns breed as their breed.
Examples:
create-frogs 2
creates two turtles of breed frogs.
create-cars 5
creates five turtles of breed cars.
Related Commands:
create-breed-and-do
create-custom-turtles
create-turtles
create-breed-and-do
number [list-of-commands]
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
commands for newly created turtles to run |
Description:
Creates number of turtles and assigns breed as their breed. The turtles then execute [list-of-commands].
Examples:
create-frogs-and-do 5 [fd 3]
would create 5 turtles of breed frogs and make them all move forward 3 steps.
Related Commands:
create-breed
create-turtles-and-do
create-custom-turtles
breed number
Parameters:
breed |
String |
type of turtles being created |
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
Description:
Creates number turtles of type breed.
Examples:
cct frogs 2
will create two turtles of type frog.
Notes:
Most users will use create-foxes
directly rather than using create-custom-turtles
.
Related Commands:
create-breed
create-custom-turtles-and-do
create-turtles
create-custom-turtles-and-do
breed number [list of commands]
Parameters:
breed |
String |
type of turtles being created |
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
commands newly created turtles will run |
Description:
Creates number turtles of type breed and tells them to do [list of commands].
Examples:
cct-and-do foxes 5 [fd 3]
would create 5 foxes and make them all move forward 3 steps.
Notes:
Most users will use create-foxes-and-do
directly intead of using cct-and-do
.
Related Commands:
create-custom-turtles
create-turtles (crt)
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
Description:
Creates number turtles.
Examples:
crt 2
creates 2 turtles.
Related Commands:
create-breed
create-custom-turtles
create-turtles-and-do
sprout
create-turtles-and-do (crt-and-do)
number [list of commands]
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
commands for newly created turtles to run |
Description:
Creates number turtles and tells them to do [list of commands].
Related Commands:
create-breed-and-do
create-turtles
sprout
die
Description:
Turtles die, meaning that they stop running all code and disappear forever.
Examples:
if pc = red [die]
makes the turtle die if the patch it is on is red.
Related Commands:
kill
distance
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
distance in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
distance in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the distance from the caller to xcor ycor. The observer is assumed to be at position (0,0). If xcor and/or ycor are off the screen, they will be wrapped to fit within the screen first.
Examples:
distance 3 4
reports 5 when the caller is at (0, 0).
distance 101 101
reports 70.7107 (on a 51x51 screen)
Related Commands:
distance-nowrap
towards
towards-nowrap
distance-nowrap
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
units in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the distance from the caller to xcor ycor without wrapping. The observer is assumed to be at position (0,0).
Examples:
distance-nowrap 3 4
returns 5 when the caller is at (0,0).
Notes:
If the patch canvas is 100 patches wide, distance-nowrap 99 0 would return 99 while distance 99 0 would return 1.
Related Commands:
distance
towards
towards-nowrap
dx
Description:
Reports how far the turtle will move in the x-direction if it takes one step forward.
Related Commands:
dy
dy
Description:
Reports how far the turtle will move in the y-direction if it takes one step forward.
Related Commands:
dx
forward (fd)
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
Turtle moves $arg1 steps forward. |
Description:
Moves turtle forward number steps.
Examples:
fd 3
and forward 3
are equivalent statements which each make turtles move forward 3 steps.
Related Commands:
back
jump
leap
left
right
step
grab
number [list of commands]
Parameters:
number |
Number |
|
[list of commands] |
List |
|
Description:
Have turtles number execute [list of commands].
Examples:
grab one-of-turtles-here [setc red setc-of partner blue]
This turns the caller red and the grabbed turtle blue. If there are no other turtles on the caller's patch, the [list of commands] does not get executed and no turtles change color.
Notes:
Caller instructs turtles with who number(s) number(s) to execute [list of commands]. The who number of the turtles being grabbed are stored in partner, if there is one, or partners, if there are many. A turtle cannot grab itself.
Grab is only useful for guaranteeing that a turtle you want to talk to is not being talked to by anyone else and cannot talk to anyone else while being grabbed. Note, while one turtle is grabbing another, neither may be grabbed by a third turtle.
Related Commands:
grabbed?
partner
partners
grabbed?
Description:
Returns true if the turtle is currently grabbed by another turtle, otherwise false.
Examples:
if grabbed? [fd 1]
Makes all grabbed turtles move forward 1 step.
Related Commands:
grab
partner
partners
hatch
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Make an exact copy of a turtle, including turtles-own variables and state variables. The [list of commands] is then run on the cloned turtle.
Examples:
hatch [setc blue fd 1]
has the caller make a duplicate of itself, and then the duplicate sets its color to blue and moves foward 1.
Related Commands:
sprout
heading
Description:
Returns the direction that the turtle is facing, or if a patch calls it, the direction that one of the turtles on that patch is facing.
Examples:
if heading = 0 [setc blue]
Commands the caller to set its color to blue if it is facing straight up.
Related Commands:
heading-at
heading-of
heading-towards
setheading
who
heading-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
Description:
Returns the heading of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
heading-at 1 1
reports the heading of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
heading
heading-of
heading-towards
seth-at
heading-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
&who number& to identify the turtle |
Description:
Reports the heading of the turtle with a who number
equal to number.
Examples:
if who = 1 [fd 1]
commands the turtle to move forward 1 if its who number
is 1.
Related Commands:
heading
heading-at
heading-towards
seth-of
heading-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
Description:
Reports the heading of the turtle distance away at an angle of angle from the caller.
Examples:
heading-towards 0 1
reports the heading of the turtle 1 unit in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
heading
heading-at
heading-of
seth-towards
hideturtle (hide-turtle) (ht)
Description:
Makes calling turtle invisible.
Examples:
if pc = black [ht]
commands the caller to make itself invisible if the caller is standing on a black patch.
Related Commands:
setshown?-at
setshown?-of
setshown?-towards
shown?
shown?-at
shown?-of
shown?-towards
showturtle
home
Description:
Send turtle to coordinates (0,0). This is the same as using setxy 0 0
.
Related Commands:
setxy
inspect-turtle
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
&who number& of turtle to inspect |
Description:
Brings up the turtle monitor of the turtle whose who number
is number. A turtle monitor allows the user to see all information about a turtle in real time.
Examples:
inspect-turtle 1
brings up the turtle monitor of the turtle with who number
equal to one.
Related Commands:
inspect-patch
jump
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
Amount for turtle to move |
Description:
Turtles move number steps in the time it takes to make one normal step.
Examples:
jump 12
makes the caller move forward 12 in the time it normally takes to move forward one step.
Notes:
jump 15
and fd 1
both take the same amount of time to perform. fd 15
, however, would take 15 times as long as jump 15
.
Related Commands:
forward
leap
step
kill
number
Parameters:
Description:
Kills turtle with who number
equal to number.
Examples:
kill 2
kills the turtle with a who number
equal to 2.
Related Commands:
die
leap
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
the number of steps that the turtle will leap |
Description:
Turtles jump number steps only if no other turtle is currently on the patch they will land on.
Examples:
leap 5
will have turtle jump 5 spaces ahead if there is no other turtle there.
Notes:
If the project requires that there is only one turtle per patch, all turtles should be set up on unique patches at the beggining of the simulation. Otherwise, the desired invariant of one turtle per patch may not be true.
Related Commands:
forward
jump
step
left (lt)
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of degrees to turn |
Description:
Turtles turn left by number degrees.
Examples:
lt 90
left 90
Related Commands:
back
forward
right
list-of-breed
Description:
Returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles of the breed specified by
breed
.
Examples:
list-of-frogs
returns a list of all of the turtles of breed frogs
list-of-cars
returns a list of all of the turtles of breed cars
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-at
list-of-breed-here
list-of-breed-towards
list-of-breed-with
list-of-turtles
list-of-breed-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of units away in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
number of units away in the y direction |
Description:
Returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles of the breed specified by breed
xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
list-of-frogs-at 1 1
returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles of breed frogs one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
list-of-cars-at 3 5
returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles of breed cars three units to the right and five units above the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed
list-of-turtles-at
list-of-turtles-at-with
list-of-breed-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance away from the caller |
Description:
Returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles of the breed specifed by breed
at the patch angle away at angle distance from the caller.
Examples:
list-of-frogs-towards 0 1
returns a list of the turtles of breed frog directly ahead and one patch away from the caller.
list-of-cars-towards 90 5
returns a list of the turtles of breed cars 90 degreses to the right and five patches away from the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed
list-of-breed-towards-with
list-of-turtles-towards
list-of-breed-with
[condition]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
Description:
Returns a list of turtles of breed indicated by breed
satisfying condition
.
Examples:
list-of-frogs-with [color = green]
will return a list of turtles that are breed frogs
and have color green
.
list-of-cars-with [color = black]
will return a list of turtles that are breed cars
and have color black
.
Notes:
Note [condition] must be a boolean statement and return true or false.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed
list-of-turtles-with
list-of-turtles
Description:
Returns a list of the who numbers of all the turtles.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed
list-of-turtles-with
one-of-breed
one-of-turtles
list-of-turtles-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of units away in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
number of units away in the y direction |
Description:
Returns a list of turtles xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller .
Examples:
list-of-turtles-at 1 1
returns a list of turtles one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-at
list-of-turtles-at-with
list-of-turtles-here
list-of-turtles-towards
list-of-turtles-here
Description:
Returns a list of turtles on the caller's patch.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-here
list-of-turtles-at
list-of-turtles-towards
list-of-turtles-with
one-of-breed-here
list-of-turtles-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance away from the caller |
Description:
Returns a list of turtles at the patch angle away at angle distance from the caller.
Examples:
list-of-turtles-towards 0 1
returns a list of turtles one unit directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-towards
list-of-turtles-at
list-of-turtles-here
list-of-turtles-towards-with
list-of-turtles-with
[condition]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
Description:
Returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles satisfying condition
.
Examples:
list-of-turtles-with [color = red]
returns a list of the who numbers of the red turtles.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-with
list-of-turtles
list-of-turtles-here
myself
one-of-turtles-with
max-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the highest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles of the breed specified by breed
.
Examples:
max-of-frogs [speed]
returns the turtle of breed frogs
with the highest value of speed
.
max-of-cars [size]
returns the turtle of breed cars
with the highest value of size
.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
If [list of commands]
contains no numbers, the smallest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands]
, when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-turtles
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
max-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the highest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles of breed specified by breed
that satisfy [condition]. If there are no turtles of this breed for which [condition] is true, returns minnum
, the smallest number possible without going into negative infinity.
Examples:
max-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the red turtle with the greatest speed of breed frogs
.
max-of-cars-with [color = blue] [size]
returns the blue turtle with the greatest size of breed cars
.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
If [list of commands]
contains no numbers, the smallest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands]
, when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
max-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the highest value of [list of commands] when run over all of the turtles.
Examples:
max-of-turtles-with [speed]
reports the speed
of the fastest turtle.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
If [list of commands]
contains no numbers, the smallest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands]
, when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-breed
max-of-patches
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
max-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[list of commands] |
Number |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the highest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles that satisfy condition. If there are no turtles in which [condition] is true, returns minnum
, the smallest number possible without going into negative infinity.
Examples:
max-of-turtles-with [color = red] [speed]
reports the speed
of the red turtle with the highest speed.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the smallest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-patches-with
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
median-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the median of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of the specified breed.
Examples:
median-of-frogs [speed]
returns the median speed of all the turtles of breed frogs.
median-of-cars [size]
returns the median size of all the turtles of breed cars.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-breed
median-of-turtles
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
median-of-breed-with
[1st list of commands] [2nd list of commands]
Parameters:
[1st list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[2nd list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the median of the [2nd list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of the breed specified that satisfy the conditions specified by the [1st list of commands].
Examples:
median-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the median speed of all the red turtles of breed frogs.
median-of-cars-with [size > 4] [speed]
returns the median speed of all the turtles of size greater than 4 with breed cars.
Notes:
If [2nd list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [2nd list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
median-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
Number |
|
Description:
Returns the median [list of commands] when [list of commands] is evaluated for all turtles.
Examples:
median-of-turtles [color]
returns a number corresponding to the median of the colors of all turtles on the screen.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles
max-of-turtles
median-of-breed
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
median-of-turtles-with
[1st list of commands] [2nd list of commands]
Parameters:
[1st list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[2nd list of commands] |
List |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the median of the [2nd list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the conditions specified by the [1st list of commands].
Examples:
median-of-patches-with [color = red] [energy]
returns the median energy
of all the red turtles.
Notes:
If [2nd list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [2nd list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-breed-with
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
min-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the lowest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles of the breed specified by breed
.
Examples:
min-of-frogs [speed]
reports the speed of the slowest turtle of breed frog.
min-of-cars [mileage]
reports the mileage of the turtle of breed car with the lowest mileage.
Notes:
Note: This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the greatest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
min-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands to that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the lowest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles of the breed specified that satisfy [condition]. If there are no turtles of the breed specified in which [condition] is true, returns maxnum, the largest number possible without going into positive infinity.
Examples:
min-of-frogs-with [habitat = tree] [height]
reports the height of the shortest turtle of breed frog with habitat tree.
min-of-cars-with [color = red] [speed]
reports the speed of the slowest red turtle of breed car.
Notes:
Note: This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches statement.
Note: If [condition] contains no numbers, the greatest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
min-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the lowest value of [list of commands] when run over all of the turtles.
Examples:
min-of-turtles [speed]
reports the speed of the slowest turtle.
Notes:
Note: This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches statement.
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the greatest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
min-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands to that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the lowest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles that satisfy [condition]. If there are no turtles in which [condition] is true, returns maxnum, the largest number possible without going into positive infinity.
Examples:
min-of-turtles-with [color = red] [speed]
reports the speed of the slowest red turtle.
Notes:
Note: This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches statement.
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the greatest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-breed-with
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
mode-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the mode of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed specified by breed.
Examples:
mode-of-frogs [speed]
returns the mode of the speed of all the turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed-with
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
mode-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the mode of the given [list of commands] when run over all the turtles.
Examples:
mode-of-turtles [speed]
returns the mode of the speed value of all turtles.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-breed
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands to that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the mode of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the [condition]
Examples:
mode-of-turtles-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the mode of the speed of all the red turtles.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-breed-with
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
one-of-breed
Description:
Returns a random turtle from the specified breed.
Related Commands:
count-turtles
list-of-turtles
one-of-breed-at
one-of-breed-at-with
one-of-breed-here
one-of-breed-here-with
one-of-breed-towards
one-of-breed-towards-with
one-of-breed-with
one-of-turtles
one-of-breed-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
x-coordinate |
ycor |
Number |
y-coordinate |
Description:
Returns a random turtle of breed breed xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
one-of-frogs-at 1 1
returns a random turtle of breed frogs
one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-breed-at-with
one-of-breed-here
one-of-breed-towards
one-of-turtles-at
one-of-breed-at-with
xcor ycor [condition]
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle of the breed specified that satisfies [condition] that is on the patch xcor units away in the x direction and ycor units away in the y direction
Examples:
one-of-dogs-at-with 1 1 [color = brown]
returns a turtle of breed dog that is 1 unit away in the x direction, 1 unit away in the y direction and is brown
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-breed-at
one-of-breed-here-with
one-of-breed-towards-with
one-of-turtles-at-with
one-of-breed-here
Description:
Returns a random turtle of the specified breed on the caller's patch other than the caller.
Examples:
kill one-of-frogs-here
commands the caller to kill a random turtle of breed frogs
that is on the caller's patch.
Related Commands:
count-turtles-here
list-of-turtles-here
one-of-breed
one-of-breed-at
one-of-breed-here-with
one-of-breed-towards
one-of-turtles-here
one-of-breed-here-with
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to either true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle of the breed specified that satisfies [list of commands] and is on the same patch as the caller.
Examples:
one-of-cars-here-with [color = red]
returns a turtle of breed car on the same patch as the color that is red.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-breed-at-with
one-of-breed-here
one-of-breed-towards-with
one-of-turtles-here-with
one-of-breed-towards-with
angle distance [condition]
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle of the breed specified that is at a distance distance and an angle angle from the caller that satisfies [condition]
Examples:
one-of-mice-towards-with 180 1 [color = blue]
returns a random turtle of breed mice and color blue that is one space behind the caller
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-breed-at-with
one-of-breed-here-with
one-of-breed-towards
one-of-turtles-towards-with
one-of-breed-with
[condition]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to either true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle that satisfies [condition].
Examples:
one-of-frogs-with [color = red]
returns a random turtle that is red and of breed frogs
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-turtles-with
one-of-turtles
Description:
Returns a random turtle.
Related Commands:
count-turtles
list-of-turtles
one-of-breed
one-of-turtles-at
one-of-turtles-here
one-of-turtles-towards
one-of-turtles-with
one-of-turtles-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
x-coordinate |
ycor |
Number |
y-coordinate |
Description:
Returns a random turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
one-of-turtles-at 1 1
returns a random turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed-at
one-of-turtles
one-of-turtles-at-with
one-of-turtles-towards
one-of-turtles-with
one-of-turtles-at-with
xcor ycor [condition]
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle that satisfies [condition] that is on the patch xcor units away in the x direction and ycor units away in the y direction
Examples:
one-of-turtles-at-with 1 1 [color = red]
returns a red turtle that is one unit away in the x direction and 1 unit away in the y diretion
Related Commands:
one-of-breed-at-with
one-of-turtles-at
one-of-turtles-here-with
one-of-turtles-towards-with
one-of-turtles-here
Description:
Returns a random turtle on the caller's patch other than the caller.
Examples:
kill one-of-turtles-here
commands the caller to kill a random turtle that is on the caller's patch.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed-here
one-of-turtles
one-of-turtles-here-with
one-of-turtles-towards
one-of-turtles-here-with
[condition]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
the condition that the turtle to be returned must meet |
Description:
Returns a random turtle on the caller's patch that meets [condition]. The returned turtle is different than the caller.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed-here-with
one-of-turtles-at-with
one-of-turtles-here
one-of-turtles-towards-with
one-of-turtles-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
Description:
Returns a random turtle at the patch distance
away at angle angle
from the caller.
Examples:
one-of-turtles-towards 0 1
returns a random turtle one unit directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
one-of-turtles
one-of-turtles-at
one-of-turtles-here
one-of-turtles-towards-with
one-of-turtles-towards-with
angle distance [condition]
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle that is distance distance away at an angle angle that satisfies [condition].
Examples:
one-of-turtles-towards-with 0 1 [color = red]
returns a red turtle that is 1 space away and directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed-towards
one-of-breed-towards-with
one-of-turtles-at-with
one-of-turtles-here-with
one-of-turtles-towards
one-of-turtles-with
[condition]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
condition the turtle must meet |
|
Number |
|
Description:
Chooses a turtle based on the following [condition].
Examples:
one-of-turtles-with [color = red] [setc blue]
chooses a red
turtle
Related Commands:
count-turtles-with
list-of-turtles-with
myself
one-of-breed-with
one-of-turtles
one-of-turtles-at
partner
Description:
Returns the who
number of the turtle being grab
bed, or nobody if no turtle is being grab
bed.
Examples:
grab one-of-turtles-here
[if (color-of partner) = red [die]]
These statements will cause a turtle to partner with another turtle on the same spot and die if that partner is red.
Notes:
Must be used inside of a grab
statement.
Related Commands:
grab
grabbed?
partners
partners
Description:
Returns a dlist
of the turtles being grab
bed, or [ ]
if no turtles are being grab
bed.
Examples:
grab list-of-turtles-here
[if (first partners) = 0 [fd 1]]
These statements will cause the turtle to partner
with all of the turtles on the patch, and move forward one space if the first one in the list is the turtle with who
0.
Related Commands:
grab
grabbed?
partner
pendown (pd)
Description:
Turtles put down their pens, meaning that they draw when they move, leaving a trail behind them. The color of the pen is that of the turtle.
Examples:
if pc = blue [pd]
commands the caller to put its pen down and leave a trail behind it if the patch it is on is blue.
Notes:
Only fd
and bk
will draw a line.
Related Commands:
pendown?
pendown?-of
pendown?-towards
penup
setpendown?-at
setpendown?-of
setpendown?-towards
pendown?
Description:
Returns true if the turtle's pen is down, otherwise false.
Examples:
if pendown? [setc blue]
commands the caller to set its color to blue if its pen is down.
Related Commands:
pendown
pendown?-at
pendown?-towards
penup
pendown?-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
Description:
Reports whether the pen of the turtle at xcor ycor, relative to the caller, is down.
Examples:
pendown?-at 1 1
reports whether the pen of the turtle is down one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
pendown?
pendown?-towards
setpendown?-at
pendown?-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
a who number |
Description:
Reports whether the pen of the turtle with who number number is down.
Examples:
pendown?-of 2
reports whether the pen of the turtle with who number 2 is down.
Related Commands:
pendown
penup
setpendown?-of
pendown?-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
Description:
Reports whether the pen of a turtle angle away at an angle of distance from the caller is down.
Examples:
pendown?-towards 0 1
reports whether the pen of a turtle one unit directly in front of the caller is down.
Related Commands:
pendown
pendown?
pendown?-at
penup
penup (pu)
Description:
Turtles pick up their pens, meaning that they no longer draw when they move.
Examples:
if pc-ahead = red [pu]
commands the caller to lift its pen up and stop drawing as it moves if the patch ahead of it is red.
Related Commands:
pendown
pendown?
pendown?-of
pendown?-towards
setpendown?-at
setpendown?-of
setpendown?-towards
pstamp
color
Parameters:
Description:
Allows patches to set the color of the turtle that is on it to color.
Examples:
pstamp blue
sets the color of the turtles on top of the called patch to blue.
Related Commands:
pstamp-at
pstamp-towards
stamp
pstamp-at
xcor ycor color
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
|
ycor |
Number |
|
color |
Color |
|
Description:
Allows patches to set the color of the turtle xcor patches in the x-direction and ycor patches in the y-direction away to color.
Examples:
pstamp-at 1 1 blue
commands the patch to set the color of the turtles one unit to the right and one unit above the called patch to the color blue.
Related Commands:
pstamp
pstamp-towards
stamp-at
pstamp-towards
angle distance color
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
color |
Color |
|
Description:
Allows patches to set the color of the turtle distance units away at an angle of angle to color.
Examples:
pstamp-towards 0 1 blue
sets the color of the turtles one unit directly ahead of the called patch to the color blue.
Related Commands:
pstamp
pstamp-at
stamp-towards
right (rt)
angle
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
number of degrees to turn |
Description:
Turtles turn right by angle degrees.
Examples:
rt 90
Related Commands:
back
forward
left
setheading
scale-color
color variable limit1 limit2
Parameters:
color |
Number |
Color |
variable |
Number |
Variable color |
limit1 |
Number |
Lower limit |
limit2 |
Number |
Upper limit |
Description:
Turtles set their color to a shade of color based on their value of variable. limit1 and limit2 determine the amount of gradation. If a patch calls this, all turtles on that patch scale their color.
Examples:
scale-color blue energy 0 20
Turtles turn one of twenty shades of blue. Turtles with lower energy turn darker blue.
scale-color blue energy 20 0
Turtles turn one of twenty shades of blue. Turtles with lower energy turn lighter blue.
Notes:
If the turtle exceeds the limits, it turns black on the dark end of the specturm and turns white on the bright end of the spectrum.
Related Commands:
scale-pc
sdev-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Returns the standard deviation of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed-with
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
sdev-of-breed-with
[first list of commands] [second list of commands]
Parameters:
[first list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
[second list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Returns the standard deviation of the [second list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs that satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [first list of commands].
Examples:
sdev-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the standard deviation of the speed of all the red turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [second list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [second list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
sdev-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Returns the standard deviation of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles.
Examples:
sdev-of-turtles [speed]
returns the standard devation of the speed of all the turtles.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-breed
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles-with
[first list of commands] [second list of commands]
Parameters:
[first list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
[second list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Returns the standard deviation of the [second list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [first list of commands].
Examples:
sdev-of-turtles-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the standard deviation of the speed of all the red turtles.
Notes:
If [second list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [second list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
setbreed
breedname
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the turtle's breed to breedname.
Examples:
setbreed frogs
sets the turtle's breed to frogs
.
Related Commands:
breed
setbreed-at
setbreed-of
setbreed-towards
setbreed-at
xcor ycor breedname
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
x offset |
ycor |
Number |
y offset |
breedname |
Breed |
|
Description:
Sets the breed of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to breedname.
Examples:
setbreed-at 1 1 fish
sets the breed of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to fish
.
Related Commands:
breed-at
setbreed
setbreed-of
setbreed-towards
setbreed-of
number breedname
Parameters:
number |
Number |
|
breedname |
Breed |
|
Description:
Sets the breed of the turtle with who number number to the breed breedname.
Examples:
setbreed-of 2 fish
sets the breed of the turtle with who number 2
to fish
.
Related Commands:
breed-of
setbreed
setbreed-at
setbreed-towards
setbreed-towards
angle distance breedname
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
breedname |
Breed |
|
Description:
Sets the breed of the turtle angle away in the direction arg2
to breedname.
Examples:
setbreed towards 0 1 fish
sets the breed of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller to fish
.
Related Commands:
breed-towards
setbreed
setbreed-at
setbreed-of
setc-at
xcor ycor color
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
|
ycor |
Number |
|
color |
Color |
|
Description:
Sets the color of the turtle at (xcor, ycor) to color.
Examples:
setc-at 1 1 0
sets the color of the turtle at (1,1)
to black
.
Related Commands:
color-at
setc-of
setc-towards
setcolor
setc-of
turtleid color
Parameters:
turtleid |
Number |
who number of the turtle whose color should be changed |
color |
Color |
|
Description:
Sets the color of the turtle with ID turtleid$ to color color.
Examples:
setc-of 2 0
sets the color of the turtle with who number 2
to black
.
Related Commands:
color-of
setc-at
setc-towards
setcolor
setc-towards
angle distance color
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
color |
Color |
|
Description:
Sets the color of the turtle angle away at angle distance from the caller to color.
Examples:
setc-towards 0 1 0
sets the color of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller to black
.
Related Commands:
color-towards
setc-at
setc-of
setcolor
setcolor (setc)
colorname
Parameters:
Description:
Turtles set their color to colorname.
Examples:
setc brown
setc 45
Related Commands:
color
setc-at
setc-of
setc-towards
seth-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the heading of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to $arg3.
Examples:
seth-at 1 1 5
sets the heading of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to 5
.
Related Commands:
heading-at
seth-of
seth-towards
setheading
seth-of
seth-of heading
Parameters:
seth-of |
Number |
turtleid |
heading |
Number |
the angle to which the turtle's heading should be set |
Description:
Sets the heading of the turtle with ID seth-of to heading.
Examples:
seth-of 45
sets the heading of the turtle with who number 2
to 45
.
Related Commands:
heading-of
seth-at
seth-towards
setheading
seth-towards
angle distance heading
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
heading |
Number |
|
Description:
seth-towards 0 1 45
sets the heading of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller to 45
.
Related Commands:
heading-towards
seth-at
seth-of
setheading
setheading (seth)
angle
Parameters:
Description:
Turtles set their heading to angle.
angle should be from 0 to 360 degrees, inclusive.
Examples:
seth 0
sets the turtle's heading to the top of the screen.
seth 90
sets the turtle's heading to the right of the screen.
Related Commands:
heading
right
seth-at
seth-of
seth-towards
setpendown?-at
xcor ycor boolean
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
|
ycor |
Number |
|
boolean |
Boolean |
|
Description:
Sets the pendown state of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and $ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to boolean.
Examples:
setpendown?-at 1 1 true
sets the pendown state of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to true
.
Related Commands:
pendown
pendown?-at
penup
setpendown?-of
number boolean
Parameters:
number |
Number |
|
boolean |
Boolean |
|
Description:
Sets the pendown state of the turtle with who number number to boolean.
Examples:
setpendown?-of 2 true
sets the pendown state of the turtle with who number 2
to true
.
Related Commands:
pendown
pendown?-of
penup
setpendown?-towards
angle distance boolean
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
boolean |
Number |
|
Description:
Sets the pendown state of a turtle at distance angle away at angle distance of the caller to boolean.
Examples:
setpendown?-towards 0 1 true
sets the pendown state of a turtle one unit directly in front of the caller to true
.
Related Commands:
pendown
penup
setshape
shape-name-or-number
Parameters:
shape-name-or-number |
Number |
The name or number of the shape |
Description:
Turtles set their shape to shape-name-or-number.
Examples:
setshape turtle-shape
sets the shape of all of the turtles to the turtle-shape
.
if i-got-sick? [setshape sick-shape]
. If the turtle has gotten sick, update his visible shape to the sick person shape.
Notes:
Names for shapes can be found and edited in the Shape Chooser window.
Related Commands:
setshape-at
setshape-of
setshape-towards
shape
setshape-at
xcor ycor shape-name-or-number
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
Distance in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
Distance in the y direction |
shape-name-or-number |
Number |
The name or number of the shape |
Description:
Turtles xcor units to the right and ycor units up of the caller, set their shape to shape-name-or-number.
Examples:
setshape-at 1 2 person-shape
causes the turtle one to the right and two units above the caller to set its shape to person-shape
.
Notes:
Names for shapes can be found and edited in the Shape Chooser window.
Related Commands:
setshape
setshape-of
setshape-towards
shape-at
setshape-of
who-number shape-name-or-number
Parameters:
who-number |
Integer |
The who id of a turtle |
shape-name-or-number |
Number |
The name or number of a shape |
Description:
Turtle with ID who-number sets its shape to shape-name-or-number.
Examples:
setshape-of one-of-turtles-here turtle-shape
sets the shape of one of the turtles on this spot (not including yourself) to the turtle-shape
.
Notes:
Names for shapes can be found and edited in the Shape Chooser window.
Related Commands:
setshape
setshape-at
setshape-towards
shape-of
setshape-towards
angle distance shape-name-or-number
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
An angle from 0 to 360 |
distance |
Number |
A number of units away |
shape-name-or-number |
Number |
The name or number of a shape |
Description:
The turtle distance units away at angle angle from the caller sets its shape to shape-name-or-number.
Examples:
setshape-towards 0 2 3
causes the turtle two patches directly ahead of the caller to set its shape to shape 3.
Related Commands:
setshape
setshape-at
setshape-of
shape-towards
setshown?-at
xcor ycor value
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
The distance in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
The distance in the y direction |
value |
Boolean |
An expression that returns true or false |
Description:
Sets the visibility of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to value.
Examples:
setshown?-at 1 1 true
sets the visibility of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to true.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
shown?-at
showturtle
setshown?-of
who-number value
Parameters:
who-number |
Integer |
The who id of a turtle |
value |
Boolean |
An expression that returns true or false |
Description:
Sets the visibility of the turtle with ID who-number to value.
Examples:
setshown?-of 2 true
sets the visibility of the turtle with ID 2 to true.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
shown?-of
showturtle
setshown?-towards
angle distance value
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
An angle from 0 to 360 |
distance |
Number |
The distance away in steps |
value |
Number |
An expression that returns true or false |
Description:
Sets the visibility of a turtle distance away at an angle of angle from the caller to value.
Examples:
setshown?-towards -25 -25
true sets the visibility of a turtle 25 units to the left and 25 units down from the caller to true.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
shown?-towards
showturtle
setvariable
value
Parameters:
value |
Anything |
the value to set the variable to |
Description:
Sets the variable
to the value specified
Examples:
setheight 5
Sets the height of the caller to 5.
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
set
setvariable-at
setvariable-of
setvariable-towards
variable
setxcor (setx)
coordinate
Parameters:
coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
Description:
Turtles set their x-coordinate to coordinate.
Examples:
setxcor 2
Related Commands:
setxcor-at
setxcor-of
setxcor-towards
setxy
setycor
step
xcor
setxcor-at (setx-at)
xcor ycor coordinate
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
A horizontal distance |
ycor |
Number |
A vertical distance |
coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to coordinate.
Examples:
setxcor-at 1 1 5
sets the x-coodinate of the turtle one unit above and one unit to the right of the caller to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor
setxcor-of
setxcor-towards
setxy-at
setycor-at
xcor-at
setxcor-of (setx-of)
who-number x-coordinate
Parameters:
who-number |
Integer |
The who id of a turtle |
x-coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle with ID who-number to x-coordinate.
Examples:
setxcor-of 2 5
sets the x-coordinate of turtle 2 to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor
setxcor-at
setxcor-towards
setxy-of
setycor-of
xcor-of
setxcor-towards (setx-towards)
angle distance x-coordinate
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
An angle from 0 to 360 |
distance |
Number |
A number of units away |
x-coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle distance away at an angle of angle from the caller to x-coordinate.
Examples:
setxcor-towards 0 1 5
sets the x-coordinate of the turtle one unit above the caller to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor
setxcor-at
setxcor-of
setxy-towards
setycor-towards
xcor-towards
setxy
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
ycor |
Number |
A coordinate on the y-axis |
Description:
Turtles set their x-coordinate to xcor and their y-coordinate to ycor.
Examples:
setxy 1 2
Related Commands:
home
setxcor
setxy-at
setxy-of
setxy-towards
setycor
step
setxy-at
xcor ycor x-coordinate y-coordinate
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
A distance along the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
A distance along the y direction |
x-coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
y-coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the y-axis |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to xcor and sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to ycor.
Examples:
setxy-at 1 1 5 6
sets the x-coordinate of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to 5, and it also sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to 6.
Related Commands:
setxcor-at
setxy
setxy-of
setxy-towards
setycor-at
setxy-of
who-number xcor ycor
Parameters:
who-number |
Number |
The who id of a turtle |
xcor |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
ycor |
Number |
A coordinate on the y-axis |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle with ID who-number to xcor and sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to ycor.
Examples:
setxy-of 1 2 3
sets the x-coordinate of the turtle with who ID 1 to 2, and it also sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to 3.
Related Commands:
setxcor-of
setxy
setxy-at
setxy-towards
setycor-of
setxy-towards
angle distance number1 number2
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
number1 |
Number |
x-coordinate to set |
number2 |
Number |
y-coordinate to set |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle distance away at angle angle from the caller to number1 and sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to number2.
Examples:
setxy-towards 0 1 4 5
sets the x-coordinate of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller to 4, and also sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor-towards
setxy
setxy-at
setxy-of
setycor (sety)
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
A coordinate on the y-axis |
Description:
Turtles set their y-coordinate to number
Examples:
sety 2
will move the turtle so that its y-coordinate is 2 (and leaves the x-coordinate the same)
Related Commands:
setxcor
setxy
setycor-at
setycor-of
setycor-towards
step
ycor
setycor-at (sety-at)
xcor ycor number
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of units away in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
number of units away in the y direction |
number |
Number |
the value to set the y-coordinate to |
Description:
Sets the y-coordinate of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to number.
Examples:
setycor-at 1 1 5
sets the y-coordinate of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor-at
setxy-at
setycor
setycor-of
setycor-towards
ycor-at
setycor-of (sety-of)
number1 number2
Parameters:
number1 |
Number |
who of a turtle |
number2 |
Number |
y-coordinate to be set |
Description:
Sets the y-coordinate of the turtle with who number number1 to number2.
Examples:
setycor-of 2 5
sets the y-coordinate of the turtle with who
number 2 to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor-of
setxy-of
setycor
setycor-at
setycor-towards
ycor-of
setycor-towards (sety-towards)
angle distance number
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
number |
Number |
y-coordinate that will be set |
Description:
Sets the y-coordinate of the turtle distance away at angle angle from the caller to number.
Examples:
setycor-towards 0 1 5
sets the y-coordinate of the turtle one unit above and one unit to the right of the caller to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor-towards
setycor
setycor-at
setycor-of
ycor-towards
shape
Description:
Returns the shape number a turtle is set to. If a patch calls this, it returns the shape number of a turtle on that patch.
Examples:
setshape turtle-shape
sets the turtles shape to the one named turtle-shape
if shape = turtle-shape [fd 1]
has all of the turtles with shape turtle-shape
move forward one step
Notes:
Default shape is turtle-shape.
Related Commands:
setshape
shape-at
shape-of
shape-towards
who
shape-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of units away in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
number of units away in the y direction |
Description:
Returns the shape of the turtle xcor units to the right and ycor units above the caller.
Examples:
shape-at 0 1
returns the shape of the turtle one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
setshape-at
shape
shape-of
shape-towards
shape-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Integer |
Who number |
Description:
Reports the shape of the turtle with who number number.
Examples:
show shape-of 34
prints the shape of turtle 34 to the command center.
Related Commands:
setshape-of
shape
shape-at
shape-towards
shape-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from the caller |
Description:
Returns the shape of the turtle distance patches away at heading angle from the caller.
Examples:
shape-towards 0 1
returns the shape of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
setshape-towards
shape
shape-at
shape-of
shown?
Description:
Returns true
if the turtle is currently visible, otherwise false
.
Examples:
if shown? [fd 1]
makes all visible turtles move forward 1 step.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
shown?-at
shown?-of
shown?-towards
showturtle
shown?-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
Description:
Reports whether the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller is visible.
Examples:
shown?-at 1 1
reports whether the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller is visible.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
setshown?-at
shown?
shown?-of
shown?-towards
showturtle
shown?-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
who of a turtle |
Description:
Reports whether the turtle with who number number is visible.
Examples:
shown?-of 2
reports whether the turtle with who number 2 is visible.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
setshown?-of
shown?
shown?-at
shown?-towards
showturtle
shown?-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from the caller |
Description:
Reports whether the turtle distance away at an angle of angle from the caller is visible.
Examples:
shown?-towards 0 1
reports whether the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller is visible.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
setshown?-towards
shown?
shown?-at
shown?-of
showturtle
showturtle (show-turtle) (st)
Description:
Hidden turtles make themselves visible.
Examples:
if pc-ahead = blue [st]
commands the caller to make itself visible if the patch ahead of it is blue.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
setshown?-at
setshown?-of
setshown?-towards
shown?
shown?-at
shown?-of
shown?-towards
sprout
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
commands to be executed by new turtles |
Description:
Each patch creates a turtle, which then executes [list of commands].
Examples:
ask-patches [sprout [setc green fd 1]]
asks each patch to create a turtle, which sets its color to green
and moves forward 1 unit.
Related Commands:
create-turtles
create-turtles-and-do
hatch
step
Description:
A synonym for fd 1
.
Examples:
if pc-ahead = blue [step]
commands the caller to move forward 1 unit if the patch ahead of it is blue.
Related Commands:
forward
jump
leap
setxcor
setxy
setycor
sum-of-breed
[list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that return a number |
Description:
Reports the sum of [list-of-commands] for all the turtles of the breed specified.
Examples:
sum-of-frogs [weight]
returns the sum of all the frogs' weights.
sum-of-cars [speed]
returns the sum of all the cars' weights.
Notes:
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed-with
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-breed
sum-of-breed-with
[condition] [list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evalutes to true or false |
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that return a number |
Description:
Reports the total value of [list-of-commands] when run over the turtles of the breed specified that satisfy [condition]. If there are no turtles of the specified breedin which [list-of-commands] is true, 0
is returned.
Notes:
Note: This command can
also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-breed-with
sum-of-turtles
[list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands which evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the sum of [list-of-commands] for every turtle.
Examples:
show sum-of-turtles [weight * weight]
prints the sum of every turtle's weight squared.
Notes:
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-breed
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands which returns either true or false |
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands which returns a number |
Description:
Reports the total value of [list-of-commands] when run over the turtles that satisfy [condition]. If there are no turtles in which the [condition] is true, returns 0
.
Examples:
sum-of-turtles-with [color = red] [age]
returns the sum of the ages of all the red turtles.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-breed-with
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles-with
towards
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
X coordinate on the screen |
ycor |
Number |
Y coordinate on the screen |
Description:
Returns the angle from the caller's xcor and ycor to the specified absolute position specified by xcor
and ycor
.
Examples:
towards 1 1
returns 45
when run by a turtle at (0, 0)
.
towards 1000 1000
returns 225
when run by a turtle at (0, 0)
and the screen-width and screen-height are both 101.
Notes:
The observer is considered to be located at (0, 0)
.
The StarLogo world wraps, so if you want to know the angle to an xcor
and ycor
that are off the screen, they will be modded by screen-width
and screen-height
until they point to a position within the screen and that angle returned. Thus if you want to see the direction towards (1000, 1000) it might just be off to the lower left of you instead of the upper right.
Related Commands:
distance
distance-nowrap
towards-nowrap
towards-nowrap
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
X coordinate on the screen |
ycor |
Number |
Y coordinate on the screen |
Description:
Returns the angle from the caller's xcor and ycor to the specified absolute position specified by xcor
and ycor
(without wrapping).
Examples:
towards-nowrap 1 1
returns 45
when run by a turtle at (0, 0)
.
towards-nowrap 1000 1000
returns 45
when run by a turtle at (0, 0)
.
Related Commands:
distance
distance-nowrap
towards
turtles-own
[list of variables]
Parameters:
[list of variables] |
List |
A list of variable names to define as turtle variables |
Description:
Defines a set of variables to be properties of turtles. The
[list of variables] contains one or more names. This line of code should be placed at the top of the Turtle Command Center. It does not go inside procedures.
A variable name may be followed by a list of state values
. This variable may only have the values listed in the state value list. This can be used to assign named constants to a variable instead of using numbers.
Examples:
turtles-own [size energy]
turtles-own [weather [sunny cloudy rainy]]
set weather rainy
set weather cloudy
if weather = sunny [ setcolor yellow ]
Notes:
turtles-own
declarations should appear outside of any procedure, usually at the top of the turtle procedures pane.
turtles-own
declarations can contain more than one variable. If you have more than one turtles-own
, consider consolidating them into a single turtles-own
.
Related Commands:
breeds
globals
patches-own
variable
Description:
Returns the value of the variable
specified
Examples:
height
returns the value of the variable named height
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
set
setvariable
variable-at
variable-of
variable-towards
variable-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
Description:
Returns the value of the variable
specified at a distance of xcor in the x direction and ycor in the y direction from the caller
Examples:
size-at 1 1
returns the size of the turtle one patch away in the x direction and y patch away in the y direction
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
setvariable-at
variable
variable-of
variable-towards
variable-of
number1
Parameters:
number1 |
Number |
turtle who number |
Description:
Returns the value of the variable
specified for the turtle with who number number1
Examples:
height-of 0
returns the height of turtle number 0
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
setvariable-of
variable
variable-at
variable-towards
variable-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
Description:
Returns the value of the variable
specified at an angle of angle and distance of distance away from the caller
Examples:
happiness-towards 0 1
returns the happiness of the turtle directly in front of and one space beyond the caller
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
setvariable-towards
variable
variable-at
variable-of
variance-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the frogs to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of the [list of commands]
when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
.
Examples:
variance-of-frogs [speed]
returns the variance of the speeds of all the turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed-with
variance-of-turtles
variance-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition].
Examples:
variance-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the variance of the speeds of all the red turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed
variance-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles.
Examples:
variance-of-turtles [speed]
returns the variance of the speeds of all the turtles.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-breed
variance-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition].
Examples:
variance-of-turtles-with [color = red] [energy]
returns the variance of the energy of all the red turtles.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-breed-with
variance-of-turtles
who
Description:
Returns the who number (ID number) of the turtle.
Examples:
if who = 1 [fd 1]
commands all turtles to check if they're turtle 1, and if so, move forward 1 step.
Related Commands:
breed
color
heading
shape
xcor
ycor
who-max-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the frogs to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of two elements: the turtle ID with the maximum value of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
, and that maximum value.
Examples:
who-max-of-frogs [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the frog with the most energy and the highest energy value: [2 5]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed-with
who-max-of-turtles
who-min-of-breed
who-max-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of the turtle with the maximum value of [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition]., and the maximum value.
Examples:
who-max-of-frogs-with [color = red] [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the red frog with the most energy and the highest energy value: [2 5]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
If no turtles satisfy [condition], who-max-of-frogs-with
returns [nobody minnum]
.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed
who-max-of-turtles-with
who-min-of-breed-with
who-max-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of two elements: the turtle ID with the maximum value of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles, and that maximum value.
Examples:
who-max-of-turtles [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the turtle with the most energy and the highest energy value: [2 5]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed
who-max-of-turtles-with
who-min-of-turtles
who-max-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of the turtle with the maximum value of [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition], and the maximum value.
Examples:
who-max-of-turtles-with [color = red] [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the red turtle with the most energy and the highest energy value: [2 5]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
If no turtles satisfy [condition], who-max-of-turtles-with
returns [nobody minnum]
.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed-with
who-max-of-turtles
who-min-of-turtles-with
who-min-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of two elements: the turtle ID with the minimum value of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
, and that minimum value
Examples:
who-min-of-frogs [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the frog with the least energy and the smallest energy value: [34 0.4]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed
who-min-of-breed-with
who-min-of-turtles
who-min-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of the turtle with the minimum value of [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition]., and the minimum value.
Examples:
who-min-of-frogs-with [color = red] [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the red frog with the least energy and the smallest energy value: [34 0.4]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
If no turtles satisfy [condition], who-min-of-frogs-with
returns [nobody maxnum]
.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed-with
who-min-of-breed
who-min-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of two elements: the turtle ID with the minimum value of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles, and that minimum value.
Examples:
who-min-of-turtles [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the turtle with the least energy and the smallest energy value: [34 0.4]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-turtles
who-min-of-breed
who-min-of-turtles-with
who-min-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of the turtle with the minimum value of [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition], and the minimum value.
Examples:
who-min-of-turtles-with [color = red] [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the red turtle with the least energy and the smallest energy value: [34 0.4]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
If no turtles satisfy [condition], who-min-of-turtles-with
returns [nobody maxnum]
.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-turtles-with
who-min-of-turtles
xcor
Description:
Returns the x-coordinate of the turtle or patch.
Examples:
if xcor = 2 [setc red]
commands the turtle to set its color to red of its x-coordinate is equal to 2.
Related Commands:
setxcor
who
xcor-at
xcor-of
xcor-towards
ycor
xcor-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
units in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the x-coordinate of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
xcor-at 1 1
reports the x-coordinate of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
setxcor-at
xcor
xcor-of
xcor-towards
ycor-at
xcor-of
number
Parameters:
Description:
Reports the x-coordinate of the turtle with who number number.
Examples:
xcor-of 3
returns the x-coordinate of the turtle with who number 3.
Related Commands:
setxcor-of
xcor
xcor-at
xcor-towards
ycor-of
xcor-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle away from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance away from caller |
Description:
Reports the x-coordinate of the turtle distance away at angle angle from the caller.
Related Commands:
setxcor-towards
xcor
xcor-at
xcor-of
ycor-towards
ycor
Description:
Returns the y-coordinate of the turtle or patch.
Examples:
if ycor = 2 [setc red]
commands the turtle to set its color to red of its y-coordinate is equal to 2.
Related Commands:
setycor
who
xcor
ycor-at
ycor-of
ycor-towards
ycor-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units away from caller in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
units away from caller in the y direction |
Description:
Reports the y-coordinate of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
ycor-at 1 1
reports the y-coordinate of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
setycor-at
xcor-at
ycor
ycor-of
ycor-towards
ycor-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Integer |
Who number |
Description:
Reports the y-coordinate of the turtle with who number number.
Examples:
ycor-of 3
returns the y-coordinate of the turtle with who number 3.
Related Commands:
setycor-of
xcor-of
ycor
ycor-at
ycor-towards
ycor-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle away from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance away from caller |
Description:
Reports the y-coordinate of the turtle distance away at angle angle from the caller.
Examples:
ycor-towards 0 1
reports the y-coordinate of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
setycor-towards
xcor-towards
ycor
ycor-at
ycor-of